Within Islamic philosophy, the implementation of punishment for those who commit a crime (jarîmah) is a form of prevention and retaliation (al-rad‘ wa al-zajr) as well as correction and educatio…
This article explores the culture of music in the tradition of Shalawat Emprak in Pesantren Kaliopak Yogyakarta from the perspective of Sufism. Essentially, Shalawat Emprak is similar to the Sufi t…
this paper attempts to explore two leading civilizations in the world, Islam and the West. When Islam, which is identical with the East, has tried to observe the West by using occidentalism as its …