Artikel

How illiberal is Indonesia's democracy? A comparative perspective on Indonesia's state enforcement of religion

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Penilaian

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Recent appraisals of Indonesia’s political regime identify a deterioration of democratic quality, captured by a plethora of concepts such as democratic backsliding, democratic decline, and democratic regression. This deterioration compels scholars to conclude that Indonesia, in its current state, is an illiberal democracy, effectively displacing earlier optimism that Indonesian democracy will eventually be consolidated. This article engages the emerging literature on democratic decline and the rise of illiberal democracy in Indonesia by identifying a key source of its illiberal features. It makes the case linking Indonesia’s illiberal democracy with the involvement of the state in enforcing religion, as seen in the number of existing religious legislations. State enforcement of religion necessarily entails the curtailment of religious freedom, specifically freedom from religion, as the religiosity of Indonesian citizens is forced to shift from voluntary to compulsory. A liberal democracy, by definition, should not curtail individual liberty in general nor religious freedom in particular. This article then takes a comparative perspective on Indonesia by comparing the number of religious legislations in Indonesia with those of other democratic states, globally utilizing data from Religion and State (RAS) 3 and V-Dem dataset. The examination yields the observation that Indonesia has a far higher number of religious legislations than the average democracy globally. It indicates a significant level of involvement of the Indonesian state in enforcing religion. In that respect, Indonesia is unusually illiberal for a democracy. The article also emphasizes how religious legislations are mostly found in certain regions, and provides ethnographic evidence of how fasting as a religious norm is enforced during the month of Ramadan in South Kalimantan. This article concludes by reflecting on the uneven democratic quality at the subnational level. Decentralization and the uneven distribution of rights to subnational governments underlie the concentration of religious bylaws in only specific regions of the archipelago.

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Ketersediaan

Mus 01/02/2022-03

J 297.272 Mus

Perpustakaan A. Yani

Tersedia namun tidak untuk dipinjamkan - No Loan

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

J 297.272 Mus

Penerbit

Depok : UIII Press., 2022

Deskripsi Fisik

22 hlm. 185-207; 26 cm.

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

2829-3568

Klasifikasi

297.272

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

Muslim Politics Review, vol. 1, no. 2 Des 2022

Subjek

Religion enforcement
Religion and state
Indonesia's illiberal democracy

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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