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The first two Sultans of Pontianak :
The first Sultans of Pontianak were able to interact with and manipulate westerners in a way that seems unsual among their conteporaries as Southeast Asia ruler, not just those in Borneo. They took burn into their confidence, either to explain away their predatory behavior or to apologize for it. Above all, both sultans were able to use European power for their very own ends. It enabled them to enhance their position when others were losing theirs. Although all Southeast Asian rulers depended for their statecraft more on manipulation than on brute force, few manipulated the alien westerners with such skill and success.
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