This article aims to analyze genealogies of Muslim middle class in Indonesia. It can be traced from three primary sources such as bourgeoisies, pilgrimage trip (h}ajj) to Mecca and Medina, and educ…
Local TVs, as industry and bussiness, grew rapidly. Local TV hoperfully had impact both in quantity and in quality for local broadcasting. To build a competitiveness of local tv, we needed a compre…
Mughal was one of the Islamic Kingdoms that stay long for about 342 years, starting from Sultan Zahr al Din Muhammad [1483-1530 A.D] until Sultan Siraj al Din Bahadur Syah [1837-1858 A.D]. There ar…
This article tries to describe the dinamics of Islamic politics and the state. Islam as religion and political power is always in subordinated position in the state. During the Indonesia new era, t…
For the Madurese, kiai is a degree of community given to someone who has extensive knowledge of Islamic religion. On the island, however, it is somewhat difficult to determine whether someone is a …